Physioworld's blog

Stress test uses and procedure The stress test is also called a Treadmill test, stress ECG, nuclear stress test, stress echocardiogram, or treadmill test. There are 3 main types of stress tests: nuclear stress tests, stress echocardiograms, & exercise stress tests. The stress test is used to find heart disorders. During physical activity, the heart pumps more complex and faster. The stress test assesses heart function using the treadmill or stationary bike. Stress Test Uses of stress tests? Most often used for diagnosis of: Coronary artery disease Heart attack or other serious heart conditions Arrhythmia It also finds out what level of exercise is safe for an individual and how well treatment is working. Why stress test is needed? Angina Rapid heartbeat Arrhythmia Shortness of breath Recent heart surgery Family history of heart problems. Procedure During an exercise stress test: Electrodes are placed on the arms, legs, and chest. Electrodes are attached by wires to an EKG machine.

Thoracic Cage abnormalities and their management Hello students and friends, today we are going to discuss what are the abnormalities seen in a thoracic cage or rib cage. These abnormalities can develop due to any disease or trauma to the rib cage. What is thoracic cage abnormality? Thoracic cage abnormalities include: PECTUS EXCAVATUM It is a congenital or genetic condition in children where several ribs and sternum (breastbone) grow abnormally inward. This gives a hollow appearance in the center of the chest. The posture of the patient also gets disturbed. Also called “sunken chest” or “funnel chest.” It can be mild, if it becomes severe then it can affect the heart and lungs. When it becomes severe, it may lead to breathlessness, chest pain, and irritation. Treatment Surgical repair is done under local anesthesia. Repair is typically done in the teenage years, once the pubertal growth spurt is completed. Ravitch procedure and minimally invasive repair (Nuss procedure) are done to co

Impingement Syndrome and its types Hello students and friends, today we are going to discuss what is impingement syndrome and its type. Impingement syndrome is also called shoulder impingement syndrome. Shoulder impingement syndrome occurs when acromion rubs against the rotator cuff, causing pain and irritation. It's a clinical syndrome within which soft tissue becomes painfully entrapped within the enarthrodial joint space (shoulder joint area). What is the role of the rotator cuff muscle? The rotator cuff consists of muscles and tendons. These muscles and tendons keep the ball of the humerus in the socket and help in arm rotation. Rotator cuff muscles include: Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis. These 4 muscles originate on the shoulder blade and attach as a "cuff" of the tendon on the humerus. These rotator cuff muscles sit on a small space between the acromion and the humerus, because of this arrangement of rotator cuff it becomes more susceptible t

Mechanism of respiration  Hello students and friends, today we are going to discuss the mechanism of respiration or how our lung helps in breathing. Here we will learn the steps involved in the mechanism of respiration and how respiration takes place. What is breathing ? Breathing is a process that involves in and out of the air from the lungs. This process is carried out by various respiratory organs of our body. Inhalation of air is the process in which oxygen-rich air goes into the lungs and exhalation is the process in which carbon dioxide-rich air goes out from the body. The breathing rate of a normal adult= 15-18 times per minute. During heavy exercise= exceeds 25 times per minute. Mechanism Of Breathing Mechanism of breathing involves two processes:  Inspiration  Expiration Inspiration In the process of inspiration, there is the contraction of muscles that are attached to the outer side of the ribs. These muscles pull out the ribs and result in an expansion of the chest cavity.

Lung abscess Hello students and friends, today we are going to discuss what is lung abscess is and how it affects our body. Here we will learn how we can treat this condition by using medical and physiotherapy approaches. A lung abscess is a pus-filled cavity within the lung surrounded by inflamed tissue that sometimes results from bacteria(i.e breathing bacteria) that normally live in the mouth or throat into the lungs, leading to an infection. Is Lung abscess is serious? A collection of pus in the lung tissue dies due to infection, which makes lung abscess life-threatening. If it lasts for under 4-6 weeks, then it is considered acute. If it lasts for longer then it is considered chronic. What happens if a lung abscess ruptures? Formation of bronchopleural fistula takes place which causes secondary empyema. This condition arises when there is no proper management of lung abscess in acute form by giving postural drainage and appropriate antibiotics. Do we drain lung abscesses? Yes, lun

Septic arthritis and its aetiopathogenesis Hello students and friends, today we are going to learn what is septic arthritis, its aetiopathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Firstly we have to know the meaning of septic and arthritis. Septic: sepsis is a term that generally refers to a   severe infection that transmits via the bloodstream. Arthritis: swelling and pain in the joints. Now let's discuss what is septic arthritis? Septic arthritis is caused by pyogenic organisms that is why it is also termed as pyogenic arthritis, infective arthritis(as there is an infection in a joint through the bloodstream), or supportive arthritis. There is a painful infection in the joint which is typically acute at present, but it may present as sub-acute or chronic arthritis. Commonest joint affected- Knee joint is more prone. Other joints- Hip joint, shoulder joint, Elbow joint. Aetipathogenesis Males>Females. Commonly children are affected. Staphylococcus aureus i

Osteochondritis and its cause  Hello students and friends, today we are going to learn what is osteochondritis, its cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It is also termed osteochondritis dissecans. It is a painful type of osteochondrosis. Occurs in the joints when blood supply to the joint is reduced and the bone gets soften. In osteochondritis dissecans the cartilage or bone in the joint is inflamed. Symptoms may appear late because it takes months or even years. It usually affects the knee, ankle, and elbow. It can occur in other joints also(shoulder and hip). Sporadic osteochondritis dissecans- When only one lesion occurs in a single joint. Symptoms Pain  Weakness Swelling Stiffness in the joints Clicking sound when joint moves Joint locking in one position It occurs most often in children and adolescents (10-20years age). It especially affects young athletes or those individuals who are most active in physical activities. Causes The cause of sporadic osteochondritis is unkno