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Impingement Syndrome and its types

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Impingement Syndrome and its types

Hello students and friends, today we are going to discuss what is impingement syndrome and its type.
Impingement syndrome is also called shoulder impingement syndrome.

Shoulder impingement syndrome occurs when acromion rubs against the rotator cuff, causing pain and irritation. It's a clinical syndrome within which soft tissue becomes painfully entrapped within the enarthrodial joint space (shoulder joint area).

What is the role of the rotator cuff muscle?

The rotator cuff consists of muscles and tendons. These muscles and tendons keep the ball of the humerus in the socket and help in arm rotation. Rotator cuff muscles include:
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
  4. Subscapularis.
These 4 muscles originate on the shoulder blade and attach as a "cuff" of the tendon on the humerus.
These rotator cuff muscles sit on a small space between the acromion and the humerus, because of this arrangement of rotator cuff it becomes more susceptible to impinge which leads to impingement syndrome.

Clinical manifestations

The affected patients are generally over 40 years of age. These patients generally suffer from persistent pain without any known preceding trauma.
Shoulder impingement may be caused due to excessive stress on the shoulder joint or it can be caused due to any injury.

Types of impingement syndromes

Shoulder impingement syndrome is classified into 4 types:
  1.  Subacromial impingement syndrome(external impingement)
  2.  Subcoracoid impingement
  3.  Posterosuperior inner impingement
  4.  Anterosuperior inner impingement.

Subacromial impingement syndrome

  • Commonest type.
  • In subacromial impingement syndrome, the elevation of the arm ends up in abnormal contact between the rotator cuff muscle and therefore roof of the shoulder.

Subcoracoid impingement syndrome

  • Less common.
  • Subscapularis tendon impinges between the coracoid and the humerus (lesser tuberosity). This causes pain & tendinosis in the soft tissue structure.

Posterosuperior inner impingement

  • Also known as internal impingement syndrome.
  • An uncommon form of shoulder impingement.
  • Primarily it involves the infraspinatus tendon and the posterosuperior glenoid labrum.
  • It occurs in the ABER position ( the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated).

Anterosuperior inner impingement syndrome

  • Impingement of the subscapularis tendon between the anterior humeral head and the anterosuperior glenoid and labrum during flexion (forward) of the arm.

Hope you all find this helpful for you, if you have any query related to this topic or any other topic then you all are free to contact me via contact us or you can also ask your doubts on the comment box. Thank you! 
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