Anatomy of Heart

Hello students and friends, today we are going to learn the basics about heart anatomy.

Here we will discuss its weight, chambers, layers, some basics of the pericardium, valves, and applied anatomy of the heart, and its valve.

The heart is the pumping organ of our body.
It pumps the blood into the body.
The heart is located in the middle and slightly to the left side of the thoracic cavity on the diaphragm between the 3rd and 5th ribs.

Weight

In females- about 275 grams
In males-about 325 grams
Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and it removes carbon dioxide and waste materials from the body cells.

Heart has:

1) Base
2) Apex
3) Anterior
4) Posterior

Chambers of the heart:

The heart has four chambers:

1) Right atrium
2) Right ventricle
3) Left atrium
4) Left ventricle

Right Atrium:

•Right atrium receives venous blood from the whole body via the superior vena cava at its upper end and inferior vena cava at its lower end.
•Right atrium pumps blood into the right ventricle through the tricuspid during the ventricular diastole.

Right ventricle:

> It is the most anterior chamber of the heart.

•Triangular shaped or crescent-shaped.

•Right ventricle opens into the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary valve.

•Right ventricle wall measures 4-5 mm in thickness

•Three portion of the right ventricle:
✓Inflow
✓Outflow
✓Apical trabecular portion or body of right ventricle

Left atrium:

•Posterior most chamber.
•Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins.
•pulmonary veins open into the left atrium from the posterior wall.
•left atrial appendage is anterior.

Left ventricle:

•Bullet shaped.
•Blunt tip forms the apex of the heart.
•Left ventricular wall is 8 to 15 mm in thickness.

Layers Of Heart

The heart has three layers:
1) Outer Epicardium
2) Middle Myocardium
3) Inner Endocardium.

Let us discuss what is pericardium?

Pericardium:

~Covering of the heart
~Pericardial sac normally contains up 50 ml of fluid.
~It has two layers:
1) fibrous layer
2) serous layer

Applied anatomy of heart:

1) Pericarditis
2) Pericardial effusion
3) Pericardiectomy
4) Myocardial biopsy
5) Infective endocarditis
6) Constructive pericarditis
7) Myocarditis
8) Congestive heart failure
9) Angina pectoris
10) Congenital heart disease

Heart valves:

The heart has four valves:

1) Mitral valve (atrioventricular valve)

2) Aortic valve and Pulmonary valve(semilunar valve)

3) Tricuspid valve(atrioventricular valve)

4) Pulmonic valve or pulmonary valve (semilunar valve)

>Mitral valve has two leaflets (anterior and posterior).
>Tricuspid valve has three leaflets (anterior septal and posterior).
>Aortic valve has 3 Right cusps, a Left coronary cusp, and a non-coronary cusp.
>Pulmonary valve has 3 cusp
•Cusp is one of the triangular segment of the valve which opens and closes with the flow of the blood.

Two great arteries of the heart:

1) Aorta
2) Pulmonary artery

Applied anatomy of valves:

1) Mitral stenosis
2) Mitral valve prolapse
3) Mitral regurgitation
4) Tricuspid stenosis
5) Tricuspid regurgitation
6) Aortic stenosis
7) Aortic regurgitation
8) Pulmonary stenosis
9) Pulmonary regurgitation

Hope you all find this helpful for you, if you have any query related to this topic or any other topic then you all are free to contact me via contact us or you can also ask your doubts on the comment box. Thank you! 

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